颜真卿简介
苏轼曾云:“诗至于杜子美,文至于韩退之,画至于吴道子,书至于颜鲁公,而古今之变,天下之能事尽矣。”(《东坡题跋》)颜真卿,字清臣,琅琊临沂(今山东临沂)人,唐代杰出的书法家。曾为平原太守,人称颜平原。安史之乱,颜抗贼有功,入京历任吏部尚书,太子太师,封鲁郡开国公,故又世称颜鲁公。代宗时李希烈叛,宰相卢杞“衔恨”唆使皇帝使真卿往劝谕,为希烈所留,忠贞不屈,后为李希烈缢杀。他秉性正直,笃实纯厚,有正义感,从不阿于权贵,屈意媚上,以义烈名于时。颜真卿为琅琊氏后裔,家学渊博,五世祖颜师古是北齐著名学者,著有《颜氏家训》。颜真卿少时家贫缺纸笔,用笔醮黄土水在墙上练字。初学褚遂良,后师从张旭得笔法,又汲取初唐四家特点,兼收篆隶和北魏笔意,完成了雄健、宽博的颜体楷书的创作,树立了唐代的楷书典范。
他的楷书一反初唐书风,行以篆籀之笔,化瘦硬为丰腴雄浑,结体宽博而气势恢宏,骨力遒劲而气慨凛然,这种风格也体现了大唐帝国繁盛的风度,并与他高尚的人格契合,是书法美与人格美完美结合的典例。他的书体被称为“颜体”,与柳公权并称“颜柳”,有“颜筋柳骨”之誉。
欧阳修曾说:“颜公书如忠臣烈士,道德君子,其端严尊重,人初见而畏之,然愈久而愈可爱也。其见宝于世者有必多,然虽多而不厌也。”朱长文赞其书:“点如坠石,画如夏云,钩如屈金,戈如发弩,纵横有象,低昂有志,自羲、献以来,未有如公者也。”颜体书对后世书法艺术的发展产生了深远影响,唐以后很多名家,都从颜真卿变法成功中汲取经验。尤其是行草,唐以后一些名家在学习二王的基础之上再学习颜真卿而建树起自己的风格。著有《吴兴集》、《卢州集》、《临川集》。他的传世书迹极多,《颜勤礼碑》《元次山碑》、《颜家庙碑》、《麻姑仙坛记》。传世墨迹有《祭侄文稿》、《刘中使帖》、《自书告身帖》等。
Yan Zhenqing is a master of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty. His innovation in calligraphic expression is influenced by his engagement with the northern tradition of monumental standard script styles representing a balance between propriety and Zhang Xu's wildness. The sheer weight and lack of hesitation in his brushstrokes has long been associated with his physical and moral courage. A master though, he was not a professional himself. Instead, he was also well-known for being a straight-forward official for the government in his time.
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